A root canal treatment involves cleaning out the infected tissue inside the tooth and filling the space with appropriate materials. When performed correctly, the procedure typically prevents further infections. However, if the tooth is not thoroughly cleaned during the treatment, reinfection can occur—leading us to ask, “Can a root canal treated tooth become infected?” The cause of infection isn’t always limited to poor cleaning; it may also be due to a crack or fracture in the treated tooth.

Causes of Infection After a Root Canal Treatment

There are several reasons why an infection might develop after a root canal treatment:

• Incomplete Cleaning: If all infected tissues and bacteria are not thoroughly removed during the procedure, inflammation may occur.
• Leakage in the Filling: If the filling inside the tooth leaks, it can allow bacteria to enter and cause infection.
• Bacteria Remaining in the Root Canal: If all microorganisms are not eliminated from the root canals, the infection can persist.
• Errors During the Procedure: Damage to other parts of the tooth or insufficient cleaning of the canals can lead to inflammation.
• Tooth Cracks or Fractures: Cracks or fractures in the outer part of the treated tooth can increase the risk of post-treatment infection.

What Are the Symptoms of Infection and When Should You See a Dentist?

Infection symptoms after a root canal may include severe pain around the treated tooth, swelling, sensitivity to hot or cold foods, changes in tooth color, roughness around the tooth, and a foul taste or odor. If you notice any of these symptoms, consult your dentist promptly.

How Is Post-Treatment Infection Managed?

Treatment for infection after a root canal depends on the severity and underlying cause. Common treatment options include:

• Retreatment: If the initial procedure was incomplete or flawed, the tooth may need to be reopened and retreated. The canals are cleaned again and refilled properly.
• Apicoectomy (Root-End Surgery): If the infection is located at the root tip and cannot be resolved with retreatment, root-end surgery may be necessary. In this procedure, the infected tip of the root is surgically removed.
• Antibiotic Therapy: If the infection has spread or is severe, antibiotics may be prescribed to control the inflammation.
• Tooth Extraction: If none of the treatments are successful and the tooth structure is severely compromised, extraction may be required. This is considered a last resort.